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Nutrition Research
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Osteoporosis
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"Extensive research has been conducted to find a cure for the disease [Osteoporosis], however, optimizing bone development in the young and reducing bone resorption to maintain bone mass and restore skeletal integrity in the older are still the best means to control the disease (2)."
"The best deterrent for osteoporosis is for women [and men] to build strong bones early in life by consuming a well-balanced diet (vitamin D, calcium, Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids, and phytochemicals) and to follow a routine exercise program...(2)."
"Dietary factors such as calcium and vitamin D have long been linked to the prevention of osteoporosis...(2)."
(2) Watkins, B. et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Skeletal Health. Experimental Biology & Medicine Vol. 226(6):485-497, 2001
"Despite the essential role of [calcium and vitamin D], populations with the highest calcium consumption also have higher osteoporosis-related incidence of limb fractures in the world."
Melton LJ II. Epidemiology of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, Eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York: Raven Press, pp133-154, 1988.
Fujita T. Osteoporosis in Japan: Factors contributing to the low incidence of hip fracture. Advances in Nutritional Research 9:89-99, 1994.
"Although more effective treatments are becoming available today for osteoporosis reducing the existing risk factors is still a preferred approach"
Hallworth RB. Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pharmacy World & Science 20:198-205, 1998.
"Human studies indicate that the dietary intake of certain fatty acids could help to maintain bone mineral density in the elderly (1), and saturated fat intake was associated with greater bone density in children (2)."
1. Kruger MC, Coetzer et, al. Calcium, gammalinolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis. Aging 10:385-394, 1998.
2. Gunnes M, Lehmann EH. Dietary calcium, saturated fat, fiber and vitamin C as predictors of forearm cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica 84:388-392, 1995.
"In experiments, animals given long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids tended to show an increased rate of bone formation"
Li Y, et, al. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids alter serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein concentrations and reduce bone formation in rats fed (n _ 6) or (n-3) fatty acids. The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 14:1153-1162, 1999.
"Studies indicate that populations consuming a diet high in Omega-3 fatty acids have a lower risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as osteoporosis."
Fujita T. Osteoporosis in Japan: Factors contributing to the low incidence of hip fracture. Advances in Nutritional Research 9:89-99, 1994.
Bulliyya G, et, al. Fatty acid profile and the atherogenic risk in fish consuming and non-fish consuming people. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 48:256-260, 1994.
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